Q1：初三英语：宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 （一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。 例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that. 在以下情况中that不能省略
1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。 例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time. （二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。 例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party. 只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
1.在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
2.在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
3.在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
4.直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
3.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。 英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for? 英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。 例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
Q2：关于英语中的宾语从句中疑问词的用法
Q3：初中英语宾语从句用法
一、宾语从句的定义：
宾语从句顾名思义就是作（及物动词、介词或某些形容词）宾语的部分是由句子来充当。因此把这样的句子（含有从句）叫做复句。引导宾语从句的引导词分为三类即:
表示陈述语气用that , 表示一般疑问语气,含有“是否,能否”的意思whether 和if引导．表示特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问词导．宾语从句可做动词宾语,介词宾语,及某些形容词的宾语. 例如：
1、He wrote me a letter, saying that he would pay a visit to China next week. (动宾)
2、I wonder if you could spare me a few minutes? （动宾）
3、The teacher is quite satisfied with what you have done.（介宾）
4、Mother was very pleased that her daughter had passed the exams. (形宾)
二、过好“三关”学习宾语从句：
（一）过引导词关
1、连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如：
He knows that Jim will work hard.
连接代词who, whom, which等，如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
连接副词when, where, how, why等，如：
Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
2、由that引导的宾语从句，如：
I don’t know (that )Tom was late again
I am afraid (that) it would rain soon
注意1:引导宾语从句的that 常可以省略,但下列情况下不能省略。
（1）、and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的that以外,后面从句中的that不能省略。
如：Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
（2）、that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
（3）、主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。
如：We decided, considering his age, that we would not let him do the job.
注意2:若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it.
如：He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away.
I consider it necessary that he should do it again.
注意3: 否定转移. 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句，从句中的否定往往在主句中体现。如：
I don’t think you are right.
I don’t believe that they have finished their work.
I don’t think he cares, does he?
3、由whether 或if 引导的宾语从句：
whether和if都有“是否”的意思。如：
I don’t know whether / if he will agree with me.
He asked me whether / if I have finished my homework.
注意1：在动词不定式之前只能用whether
如： I can’t decide whether to stay.
注意2：在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中
如：I want to know whether it’s good news or not .
注意3：在介词后，只能用whether
如：His father is worried about whether he lose his work .
注意4：条件状语从句不能用whether引导,如：
Please inform him of the news if he comes back before 10 o’clock.
4、由特殊疑问词(wh…)引导(要注意用陈述语气)
如：He asked me,“Where is Mr. Wang?”
---He asked me where Mr. Wang was.
（二）、过语序关
做宾语从句的句子不管原来是什么语序，在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序，即：“引导词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。
如：1、Tom said. He is reading a book.
→ Tom said that he was reading a book.
2、He asks me. Are they playing a game?
→ He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.
3、Where is the hospital? He told me.
→ He told me Where the Hospital was.
注意:当who在从句中做主语时,语序本身就是“主语+谓语”顺序,所以就不再变了.
如：I want to know. Who will come tomorrow?
→I want to know whoｗill come tomorrow.
(三)、过时态关
宾语从句的时态要受到主句时态的限制，即要和主句的时态保持一致（也有特殊情况），宾语从句的时态往往被忽视，希望能引起我们的注意。从下面三个方面去把握宾语从句的时态。
1、当主句的时态是一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时，从句的时态可根据句意的需要用任意一种时态。
2、当主句的时态为一般过去时宾语从句的时态要与原句相对应的过去的时态（带“过去”两个字）。
3、当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。
三、宾语从句的特殊语序问题
在“Do you think /believe/suppose----?等”结构中，宾语从句如果是由疑问词引导的，则要用“疑问词+ do you think/believe/suppose +正常语序？”
如：What has happened to him? Do you think? What do you think has happened to him?
四、否定转移问题
在think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句，如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意义，一般要将否定词not移到主句的谓语动词上面去，即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的（意义）谓语动词。此时变反意疑问句时仍将宾语从句视为否定，反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如：
1、I don’t think he will come.
2、I don’t think he will come, will he?
3、I think he will come, won’t he?
五、宾语从句的简化
1、当主句的谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, agree等，其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成动词不定式结构。
如：Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon. Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.
2、当know, learn, remember, forget等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如：I don’t know what I should say. I don’t know what to say.
3、当tell, learn, show, teach等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如：Could you tell me how I can get there? (句子中的 me 和I指的是同一个人)可以改写为：Could you tell me how to get there?
4、动词后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式来简化，但主语要发生变化。
如：It seemed that the boys were going to play games.
The boys seemed to play games.
复习小结：
1、变宾语从句的四个要素：引导词、语序、时态和标点符号
2、牢记宾语从句中的陈述句语序。
3、注意主句与从句时态的一致性(即：当主句是过去式时，从句要用过去范畴的某种时态，客观真理或自然现象除外)